Adoption of Patching Framework

#SAP Commerce #Backoffice

Patching Framework is a Hybris OOTB framework, which is designed to simplify releasing of new code on production (for example automation of impex execution after new code deployment). Hybris provides a set of interfaces and abstract classes, which allows to write “Patches”, where Patch itself is a Java class that is executed during a system initialization or an update.

OOTB Hybris provides simple implementation via @SyStemSetup annotations (documentation). It is great to use in small teams, where you can manually control execution and implementation, but for bigger teams you need more control including possibility to control patch execution via project properties. For such cases, you need to adopt Patching Framework. Main concepts of framework and internal implementation can be found in documentation.

In this article would be a showcase of commonly used adoption of Patching Framework for teams of 50-100 developers.

First of all we need to implement Patch interface. To do that we need provide implementation for StructureState interface and Release interface.

StructureState interface implementation

StructureState interface is used to version folder structure of patches, so you can change patch folder structure and maintain backward compatibility.

In real life there is no sense to provide backward compatibility for patches due to using agile methodologies and moving only forward with releases. That means that we can use some dummy implementation.

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package com.blog.patches.structure;

import de.hybris.platform.patches.organisation.StructureState;

/**
 * Enumeration that defines structure state; it may be used in different objects to indicate for which milestone given
 * object was introduced.
 */
public enum FileStructureVersion implements StructureState {
    V1;

    @Override
    public boolean isAfter(final StructureState structureState) {
        if (this == structureState) {
            return false;
        }
        for (final StructureState iterateValue : values()) {
            if (structureState.equals(iterateValue)) {
                return true;
            }
            if (this.equals(iterateValue)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
}

Release interface implementation

Release interface was designed to combine different changes under some release. Unfortunately, such approach means that you need to do code changes for each release on production, morover you need to do code changes if something was added/removed from release at the last minute. To get rid of such overhead there is a sense to not use SAP Commerce approach for releases and use abstraction of each individual ticket is a separate “release” in Hybris terms of usage. In such case there would be no needs in any code changes to add ore remove patches from releases.

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private static class ReleasePerTicket implements Release {
    private final String ticketId;

    public ReleasePerTicket(String ticketId) {
        this.ticketId = ticketId;
    }

    @Override
    public String getReleaseId() {
        return ticketId;
    }
}

You can notice that class is defined as private static without package definition. It is due to such class beter to make private and place inside Patch interface implementation. (Would be provided below)

Patch interface implementation

One of goals is to simplify usage of Patch system by developers. For that we would need to provide abstract implementation of Patch interface and introduce naming convention. Main use case is to execute some ImpEx for some ticket, so our abstract implementation must simplify that as much as possible, also we would need functionality to execute custom java code, execute SQL queries and import ImpEx before or after java custom code.

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package com.blog.patches.patch;

import com.blog.patches.structure.FileStructureVersion;
import com.blog.patches.util.PatchImpexImportHelper;
import com.blog.patches.util.PatchSQLHelper;
import de.hybris.platform.patches.Patch;
import de.hybris.platform.patches.Release;
import de.hybris.platform.patches.organisation.StructureState;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

public abstract class AbstractSimplifiedPatch implements Patch {

    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AbstractSimplifiedPatch.class);

    private static final String IMPORT_IMPEXES_BASE_FOLDER = "/blogpatches/patches/";


    @Resource
    private PatchImpexImportHelper patchImpexImportHelper;

    @Resource
    private PatchSQLHelper patchSQLHelper;


    abstract String getTicketId();

    protected void executeCustomJavaCode() {
        // Used to be overridden in child classes.
    }

    @Override
    public void createProjectData(StructureState structureState) {
        LOG.info(getPatchLog("Start patch execution"));

        importImpexes(PatchImpexImportType.PRE);
        executeCustomJavaCode();
        importImpexes(PatchImpexImportType.POST);
    }

    @Override
    public String getPatchId() {
        return getTicketId();
    }

    @Override
    public String getPatchName() {
        // This is used as a label in HAC
        return getTicketId();
    }

    @Override
    public String getPatchDescription() {
        // ! Description is mandatory to persist PatchExecutionModel.
        return getTicketId();
    }

    @Override
    public Release getRelease() {
        return new ReleasePerTicket(getTicketId());
    }

    @Override
    public StructureState getStructureState() {
        return FileStructureVersion.V1;
    }

    protected void executeSql(String sql) {
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(sql)) {
            LOG.warn(getPatchLog("Provided SQL is empty"));
            return;
        }
        try {
            Integer affectedRows = patchSQLHelper.execute(sql);
            LOG.info(getPatchLog("SQL query executed"));
            if (affectedRows != null) {
                LOG.info(getPatchLog("Affected rows " + affectedRows));
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            LOG.error(getPatchLog("SQL query failed"), e);
        }
    }

    protected void importImpexesFromCustomFolder(String folderName) {
        // In case of any impexes that does not fit in the import of impexes
        // during pre/post code execution then this method can be called from
        // the inherited class.  The folder should still be present inside the
        // patch base folder but can have a different name than the ticket Id.

        final String customFolderPath = IMPORT_IMPEXES_BASE_FOLDER + folderName + "/";
        boolean isFolderProcessed = patchImpexImportHelper.importImpexesFromFolder(customFolderPath);
        if (!isFolderProcessed) {
            LOG.warn(getPatchLog("No impexes were found in custom import folder"));
        }
    }

    private void importImpexes(PatchImpexImportType impexImportType) {
        LOG.info(getPatchLog("Start impex import for import type " + impexImportType));

        String importFolder = resolveFolderPath(impexImportType);
        boolean isFolderProcessed = patchImpexImportHelper.importImpexesFromFolder(importFolder);
        if (!isFolderProcessed) {
            LOG.warn(getPatchLog("No impexes were found for import type " + impexImportType));
        }
    }

    private String resolveFolderPath(PatchImpexImportType importFolderType) {
        switch (importFolderType) {
            case PRE:
                return IMPORT_IMPEXES_BASE_FOLDER + getTicketId() + "/";
            case POST:
                return IMPORT_IMPEXES_BASE_FOLDER + getTicketId() + "/post/";
            default:
                return null;
        }
    }

    protected String getPatchLog(String logMessage) {
        return getPatchId() + ": " + logMessage;
    }

    private enum PatchImpexImportType {
        PRE, POST;
    }

    private static class ReleasePerTicket implements Release {
        private final String ticketId;

        public ReleasePerTicket(String ticketId) {
            this.ticketId = ticketId;
        }

        @Override
        public String getReleaseId() {
            return ticketId;
        }
    }
}

Implementation above allows to have simple Patch implementation, like:

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package com.blog.patches.patch;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class BP123 extends AbstractSimplifiedPatch {

    @Override
    String getTicketId() {
        return "BP-123";
    }

}

Where “BP-123” represents you Jira ticket ID. You can’t use “-” in Java class names, so Java class should be named, just “BP123”. Such implementation will execute ImpEx from “resource” folder under path “blogpatches/patches/BP-123”. So at the end developer must put ImpEx in extension resource folder and create a simple Java class.

Helper classes used in abstract patch implementation are attached at the end of the article.

Patch execution during System Update

To execute patches during System Update we need to create implementation of AbstractPatchesSystemSetup and inject required patches. To decrease amount of manual work for releases and eliminate possible merge conflicts we will utilize Spring framework to Autowire our pathes.

First of all we to enable spring component scan, so we can utilize @Component annotation in our Patch implementations. For that add spring.xml configuration:

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<context:annotation-config/>

<context:component-scan base-package="com.blog.patches.patch"/>

Now we can create implementation of AbstractPatchesSystemSetup and automatically inject all our patches. For that we would utilize OOTB Spring Framework possibilities to autowire list of classes and @PostConstruct to set patches after autowiring.

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package com.blog.patches.setup;

import com.blog.patches.constants.BlogpatchesConstants;
import com.blog.patches.patch.AbstractSimplifiedPatch;
import de.hybris.platform.core.initialization.SystemSetup;
import de.hybris.platform.core.initialization.SystemSetup.Process;
import de.hybris.platform.core.initialization.SystemSetup.Type;
import de.hybris.platform.core.initialization.SystemSetupContext;
import de.hybris.platform.core.initialization.SystemSetupParameter;
import de.hybris.platform.core.initialization.SystemSetupParameterMethod;
import de.hybris.platform.patches.AbstractPatchesSystemSetup;
import org.apache.commons.collections4.CollectionUtils;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import static org.apache.log4j.Logger.getLogger;

@SystemSetup(extension = BlogpatchesConstants.EXTENSIONNAME)
public class PatchesSystemSetup extends AbstractPatchesSystemSetup {

    private static final Logger LOG = getLogger(PatchesSystemSetup.class);

    @Autowired(required = false)
    private List<AbstractSimplifiedPatch> patchList;

    @PostConstruct
    private void updatePatchesList() {
        if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(patchList)) {
            LOG.warn("No patches found!");
        } else {
            LOG.info("Automatic patch injection for " + patchList.size() + " patches.");
            super.setPatches(new ArrayList<>(patchList));
        }
    }

    @Override
    @SystemSetup(type = Type.ESSENTIAL, process = Process.UPDATE)
    public void createEssentialData(final SystemSetupContext setupContext) {
        super.createEssentialData(setupContext);
    }


    @Override
    @SystemSetup(type = Type.PROJECT, process = Process.UPDATE)
    public void createProjectData(final SystemSetupContext setupContext) {
        super.createProjectData(setupContext);
    }

    @Override
    @SystemSetupParameterMethod
    public List<SystemSetupParameter> getInitializationOptions() {
        return super.getInitializationOptions();
    }


}

Also, we would need to create instance of that class in spring.xml configuration:

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<bean class="com.blog.patches.setup.PatchesSystemSetup" parent="patchesSystemSetup">
    <property name="patches">
        <!-- Empty list is updated in java code. -->
        <list/>
    </property>
</bean>

Long-running data update execution from Patch

Another commonly required thing is to execute some long-running data migration after System Update. For that can be also utilized patch system. Main idea would be to create a CronJob to execute custom java code from instance of Patch class. For that one more abstract class would be created and implement JobPerformable<CronJobModel> interface.

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package com.blog.patches.patch;

import com.blog.patches.util.DataMigrationPatchHelper;
import com.blog.patches.util.InitializationUtils;
import de.hybris.platform.cronjob.enums.CronJobResult;
import de.hybris.platform.cronjob.enums.CronJobStatus;
import de.hybris.platform.cronjob.model.CronJobModel;
import de.hybris.platform.patches.organisation.StructureState;
import de.hybris.platform.servicelayer.cronjob.JobPerformable;
import de.hybris.platform.servicelayer.cronjob.PerformResult;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import static org.apache.log4j.Logger.getLogger;

public abstract class AbstractDataMigrationPatch extends AbstractSimplifiedPatch implements JobPerformable<CronJobModel> {
    private static final Logger LOG = getLogger(AbstractDataMigrationPatch.class);

    @Resource
    private DataMigrationPatchHelper dataMigrationPatchHelper;

    abstract PerformResult migrateDataAfterDeploymentOnAllNodes(CronJobModel cronJobModel);

    @Override
    public void createProjectData(StructureState structureState) {
        super.createProjectData(structureState);

        dataMigrationPatchHelper.createPatchRunningCronjob(this);
        LOG.info(getPatchLog("Data migration cronjob created"));
    }

    @Override
    public PerformResult perform(CronJobModel cronJobModel) {
        LOG.info(getPatchLog("Data migration cronjob started"));
        PerformResult executionResult = migrateDataAfterDeploymentOnAllNodes(cronJobModel);


        LOG.info(getPatchLog("Data migration finished with result " + executionResult.getResult()));
        if (isFinishedSuccessfully(executionResult)) {
            LOG.info(getPatchLog("Data migration patch clean up"));
            dataMigrationPatchHelper.cleanUpCronjob(this);
        }

        return executionResult;

    }

    private static boolean isFinishedSuccessfully(PerformResult executionResult) {
        return executionResult.getResult() == CronJobResult.SUCCESS && executionResult.getStatus() == CronJobStatus.FINISHED;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isPerformable() {
        // We want to perform data migration after update process fully completed
        return !InitializationUtils.isSystemUpdateOrInitInProgress();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isAbortable() {
        return false;
    }
}

Now we can create a Patch from abstract class and implement migrateDataAfterDeploymentOnAllNodes() method, which will create a CronJob with Patch used as an execution bean. CronJob would be immediately scheduled with Trigger, but it won’t be executed until System Update will finish and latest code would be deployed on processing node. For data migrations, which takes less than 5 minutes, could be used executeCustomJavaCode() method.

How to create a Patch

  • Create java class in com.blog.patches.patch package of blogpatches extension.
  • Use Jira ticket ID as a class name (JVM doesn’t spport “-” in class names, so just skip it), for example BP123.
  • Decorate the class with @Component annotation.
  • Extend the class from AbstractSimplifiedPatch.
  • Override getTicketId to return the corresponding Jira ticket number.
    • It’s important that the ticket id matches the path to a folder with impex files: resources/blogpatches/patches/{ticket_number}.

To pre-execute impex in Patch

This always gets executed before the execution of the Java code, a.c.a pre-execution.

  • Add impex files in resources/blogpatches/patches/{ticket_number}/ package of blogpatches extension.
    • It could be several files in one folder but tied to one patch. For example, the patch class that returns “BP-123” for the method getTicketId() triggers execution of all ImpExes in the folder /resources/blogpatches/patches/BP-123/.
    • The order of the ImpExes could be controlled with a prefix in filename as 0_, 1_, etc.

To execute custom java code in Patch

  • Implement executeCustomJavaCode()

To post-execute impex in Patch

This always gets executed after the execution of the Java code, a.c.a post-execution.

  • Add impex files in resources/blogpatches/patches/{ticket_number}/post package of blogpatches extension.
    • Note the /post folder after the {ticket_number}.
    • It could be several files in the post folder but tied to the same patch. For example, the patch class that returns “BP-123” for the method getTicketId() triggers execution of all impexes in the folder /blogpatches/resources/blogpatches/patches/BP-123/post/
  • The ImpExes are automatically imported once the Java code execution completes.

To execute long lasting data migration java code in Patch

  • Implement migrateDataAfterDeploymentOnAllNodes()
  • It will create a CronJob with Patch used as an execuction bean
  • CronJob would be immediately scheduled with Trigger, but it won’t be executed untill hac update will finish and latest code would be deployed on processing node.
  • Check AbstractDataMigrationPatch#isPerformable and DataMigrationPatchHelper#createPatchRunningCronjob for more information
  • Use executeCustomJavaCode() if data migration takes less than 5 minutes

Implementation summary

  • AbstractSimplifiedPatch implements Patch which should be the parent for all patches. It’s introduced to simplify patch creation and unify patch structure, also it provides a possibility to import impex files and/or execute some custom java code.
  • AbstractDataMigrationPatch extends AbstractSimplifiedPatch, which should be the parent for all patches, which requires long data migration after release. Data migration would be done in separate cronjob on processing node. Cronjob has protection to be executed only once after deploy of new code on processing node.
  • Autowiring of all patches in patchList automatically via @PostConstruct in PatchesSystemSetup
  • Component scan is configured for package ‘com.blog.patches.patch’ It allows introducing spring bean for patches with @Component annotation and avoiding merge conflict in spring.xml
  • FileStructureVersion which is required to utilize Patching Framework without exception. There is no functional logic yet for it.
  • ReleasePerTicket class provides abstraction to use each Jira ticket as a separate release in Hybris terms.

Helper classes

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package com.blog.patches.util;

import de.hybris.platform.core.model.ItemModel;
import de.hybris.platform.cronjob.model.CronJobModel;
import de.hybris.platform.cronjob.model.JobModel;
import de.hybris.platform.cronjob.model.TriggerModel;
import de.hybris.platform.patches.Patch;
import de.hybris.platform.servicelayer.cronjob.JobDao;
import de.hybris.platform.servicelayer.internal.model.ServicelayerJobModel;
import de.hybris.platform.servicelayer.model.ModelService;
import org.apache.commons.collections4.CollectionUtils;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;

public class DataMigrationPatchHelper {

    @Resource
    private ModelService modelService;

    @Resource
    private JobDao jobDao;

    @Resource
    private PatchCronJobHelper patchCronJobHelper;


    public void createPatchRunningCronjob(Patch patch) {
        // We are using hybris OOTB naming convention, where ServicelayerJobModel code and execution spring bean id
        // are same as class name, which implements JobPerformable interface.
        String jobCode = resolveJobCodeForPatch(patch);
        ServicelayerJobModel patchJob = patchCronJobHelper.createPatchJob(jobCode, jobCode);

        String cronJobCode = resolveCronJobCodeForPatch(patch);
        CronJobModel patchCronJob = patchCronJobHelper.createPatchCronJob(cronJobCode, patchJob);
        TriggerModel patchCronJobTrigger = patchCronJobHelper.createRunNowTrigger(patchCronJob);

        modelService.saveAll(patchCronJob, patchJob, patchCronJobTrigger);
    }


    public void cleanUpCronjob(Patch patch) {
        String jobCode = resolveJobCodeForPatch(patch);

        List<JobModel> jobsForCleanUp = jobDao.findJobs(jobCode);
        if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(jobsForCleanUp)) {
            return;
        }

        for (ItemModel itemModel : getItemsForCleanUp(jobsForCleanUp)) {
            modelService.removeAll(itemModel);
        }
    }

    private static List<ItemModel> getItemsForCleanUp(List<JobModel> jobsForCleanUp) {
        // We will remove only triggers to keep cronjob in DB for logs.
        List<ItemModel> itemsForRemoval = new ArrayList<>();
        for (JobModel jobModel : jobsForCleanUp) {
            Collection<CronJobModel> cronJobs = jobModel.getCronJobs();
            for (CronJobModel cronJob : cronJobs) {
                itemsForRemoval.addAll(cronJob.getTriggers());
            }
        }
        return itemsForRemoval;
    }

    private static String resolveJobCodeForPatch(Patch patch) {
        return patch.getClass().getSimpleName();
    }

    private static String resolveCronJobCodeForPatch(Patch patch) {
        return resolveJobCodeForPatch(patch) + "CronJob";
    }

}

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package com.blog.patches.util;

import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
import de.hybris.platform.cronjob.model.CronJobModel;
import de.hybris.platform.cronjob.model.JobModel;
import de.hybris.platform.cronjob.model.TriggerModel;
import de.hybris.platform.servicelayer.cronjob.CronJobDao;
import de.hybris.platform.servicelayer.cronjob.JobDao;
import de.hybris.platform.servicelayer.internal.model.ServicelayerJobModel;
import de.hybris.platform.servicelayer.model.ModelService;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

public class PatchCronJobHelper {
    @Resource
    private ModelService modelService;

    @Resource
    private JobDao jobDao;

    @Resource
    private CronJobDao cronJobDao;

    public ServicelayerJobModel createPatchJob(String jobCode, String executionSpringBeanID) {
        // ServicelayerJob - executes code with spring bean id. Check source code for jalo classes Job and ServicelayerJob.
        // - If bean ID is missing in application context, then cronjob would be automatically rescheduled
        //   if "retry" attribute is true.
        // - SingleExecutable - will execute job only once by checking cronjob result. Rescheduling due
        //   to missing spring bean will not create cronjob result, so it suits to our use case.
        // - Patches are created with Component annotation, so they will receive class name as bean ID,
        //   that's why we will use class name as a spring ID for job.
        ServicelayerJobModel jobModel = getOrCreateJob(jobCode);
        jobModel.setSpringId(executionSpringBeanID);

        // Enable behavior required for Patch type of job
        jobModel.setActive(true);
        jobModel.setRetry(true);
        jobModel.setSingleExecutable(true);
        return jobModel;
    }

    public CronJobModel createPatchCronJob(String cronJobCode, ServicelayerJobModel jobModel) {
        CronJobModel cronJobModel = getOrCreateCronJob(cronJobCode);
        cronJobModel.setJob(jobModel);

        // CronjobModel should have same values for retry etc as a job.
        cronJobModel.setActive(true);
        cronJobModel.setRetry(true);
        cronJobModel.setSingleExecutable(true);
        return cronJobModel;
    }

    public TriggerModel createRunNowTrigger(CronJobModel cronJob) {
        TriggerModel trigger = modelService.create(TriggerModel.class);
        trigger.setActive(true);
        trigger.setActivationTime(new Date());
        trigger.setCronJob(cronJob);
        return trigger;
    }

    private ServicelayerJobModel getOrCreateJob(String jobCode) {
        // System update automatically creates instances of ServiceLayerJobModel, so we need to fetch and reuse them.
        // In case of we execute patch without system update we need to create ServiceLayerJob manually.
        List<JobModel> jobs = jobDao.findJobs(jobCode);
        JobModel foundJob = Iterables.getFirst(jobs, null);
        if (foundJob != null) {
            if (!(foundJob instanceof ServicelayerJobModel)) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Job " + jobCode + " has not supportable type. Remove it for fix.");
            }
            return (ServicelayerJobModel) foundJob;
        }
        return createJob(jobCode);
    }

    private ServicelayerJobModel createJob(String jobCode) {
        ServicelayerJobModel jobModel = modelService.create(ServicelayerJobModel.class);
        jobModel.setCode(jobCode);
        return jobModel;
    }

    private CronJobModel getOrCreateCronJob(String cronjobCode) {
        List<CronJobModel> cronJobs = cronJobDao.findCronJobs(cronjobCode);
        CronJobModel foundCronJob = Iterables.getFirst(cronJobs, null);
        if (foundCronJob != null) {
            return foundCronJob;
        }
        return createCronJob(cronjobCode);
    }

    private CronJobModel createCronJob(String cronjobCode) {
        CronJobModel cronJob = modelService.create(CronJobModel.class);
        cronJob.setCode(cronjobCode);
        return cronJob;
    }
}

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package com.blog.patches.util;

import de.hybris.platform.commerceservices.setup.SetupImpexService;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.io.File;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;

public class PatchImpexImportHelper {

    private static final String IMPEX_EXT = ".impex";

    @Resource
    private SetupImpexService setupImpexService;


    public boolean importImpexesFromFolder(String folderPath) {
        File patchFolderWithImpexes = resolvePatchFolderWithImpexes(folderPath);
        if (patchFolderWithImpexes == null) {
            return false;
        }

        File[] files = patchFolderWithImpexes.listFiles();

        if (files == null) {
            return false;
        }

        Arrays.stream(files)
                .filter(file -> file.getName().contains(IMPEX_EXT))
                .sorted(Comparator.comparing(File::getName))
                .forEach(file -> setupImpexService.importImpexFile(folderPath + file.getName(), false));

        return true;
    }


    private File resolvePatchFolderWithImpexes(String folderPath) {
        if (folderPath == null) {
            return null;
        }
        URL patchFolderURL = this.getClass().getResource(folderPath);
        if (patchFolderURL == null) {
            return null;
        }

        File folderInFilesystem = new File(patchFolderURL.getPath());
        if (!folderInFilesystem.exists()) {
            return null;
        }

        File[] files = folderInFilesystem.listFiles();
        if (files == null) {
            return null;
        }

        long count = Arrays.stream(files)
                .filter(file -> file.getName().contains(IMPEX_EXT))
                .count();
        return count > 0 ? folderInFilesystem : null;
    }


}

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package com.blog.patches.util;

import de.hybris.platform.tx.Transaction;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;

public class PatchSQLHelper {

    private static final List<String> DDL_STATEMENTS = List.of(
            "CREATE",
            "DROP",
            "ALTER",
            "TRUNCATE",
            "COMMENT",
            "RENAME"
    );


    @Resource
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    public Integer execute(String sql) {
        if (isDdlStatement(sql)) {
            // Data Definition Language (DDL)
            return executeDdlQuery(sql);
        } else {
            // Data Manipulation Language (DML) - SELECT, INSERT, DELETE, and UPDATE
            return executeDmlQuery(sql);
        }
    }

    private boolean isDdlStatement(String sql) {
        String normalizedQuery = sql.trim().toUpperCase();
        for (String ddlStatement : DDL_STATEMENTS) {
            if (normalizedQuery.startsWith(ddlStatement)) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    private Integer executeDdlQuery(String sql) throws DataAccessException {
        jdbcTemplate.execute(sql);
        return null;
    }

    private Integer executeDmlQuery(String sql) throws DataAccessException {
        boolean rollbackNeeded = false;
        var tx = Transaction.current();
        tx.begin();
        try {
            return jdbcTemplate.update(sql);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            rollbackNeeded = true;
            throw e;
        } finally {
            if (rollbackNeeded || tx.isRollbackOnly()) {
                tx.rollback();
            } else {
                tx.commit();
            }
        }
    }


}
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